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The rainbow flag, commonly the gay pride flag and LGBT pride flag, is a symbol of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) pride and LGBT social movements. (Other uses of rainbow flags include a symbol of peace.) The colors reflect the diversity of the LGBT community, and the flag is often used as a symbol of gay pride when it comes to LGBTQ+ rights marches. It originated in Northern California, but is now used worldwide. Designed by San Francisco artist Gilbert Baker in 1978, the design has undergone several revisions to first remove then re-add colors due to widely available fabrics. As of 2008, the most common variant consists of six stripes, with the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The flag is commonly flown horizontally, with the red stripe on top, as it would be in a natural rainbow. ==History== 128px Original eight-stripe version designed by Gilbert Baker in 1978 128px Version with hot pink removed due to fabric unavailability (1978–79) 128px Six-color version popular since 1979. Indigo and turquoise were changed to royal blue. The original gay pride flag flew in the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade on June 25, 1978. It has been suggested that Baker was inspired by Judy Garland's singing "Over the Rainbow" and the Stonewall riots that happened a few days after Garland's death (she was one of the first gay icons).〔''Gay Almanac'', p. 94〕 Another suggestion for how the rainbow flag originated is that at college campuses during the 1960s, some people demonstrated for world peace by carrying a ''Flag of the Races'' (also called the ''Flag of the Human Race'') with five horizontal stripes (from top to bottom they were red, black, brown, yellow, and white).〔http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/int-wpa.html〕 Gilbert Baker is said to have gotten the idea for the rainbow flag from this flag〔(Carleton College—"Symbols of Pride of the LGBTQ community": ) Noted as sourced to ''The Alyson Almanac'' from the college's library.〕 in borrowing it from the Hippie movement of that time〔("San Francisco: The Unknown City" ), Helene Goupil, Josh Krist. Arsenal Pulp Press/Josh Krist, 2005. ISBN 1-55152-188-1, ISBN 978-1-55152-188-6. p. 33〕 largely influenced by pioneering gay activist Allen Ginsberg. The flag consisted of eight stripes; Baker assigned specific meaning to each of the colors: Thirty volunteers hand-dyed and stitched the first two flags for the parade.〔Witt, et al., p. 435〕 After the November 27, 1978, assassination of openly gay San Francisco City Supervisor Harvey Milk, demand for the rainbow flag greatly increased. To meet demand, the Paramount Flag Company began selling a version of the flag using stock rainbow fabric consisting of seven stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, turquoise, blue, and violet. As Baker ramped up production of his version of the flag, he too dropped the hot pink stripe because of the unavailability of hot-pink fabric. Also, San Francisco-based Paramount Flag Co. began selling a surplus stock of Rainbow Girls flags from its retail store on the southwest corner of Polk and Post, at which Gilbert Baker was an employee.〔(Unsung Heroes of the Gay World: Vexillographer Gilbert Baker: The Gay Betsy Ross ) UK Gay News, 17 April 2008. Accessed 23 September 2009.〕 In 1979 the flag was modified again. When hung vertically from the lamp posts of San Francisco's Market Street, the center stripe was obscured by the post itself. Changing the flag design to one with an even number of stripes was the easiest way to rectify this, so the turquoise stripe was dropped, which resulted in a six stripe version of the flag — red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet.〔 In 1989, the rainbow flag came to nationwide attention in the United States after John Stout sued his landlords and won when they attempted to prohibit him from displaying the flag from his West Hollywood, California, apartment balcony.〔Russell, Ron. "(Removal of 'Gay Pride' Flag Ordered: Tenant Suit Accuses Apartment Owner of Bias )." Los Angeles Times (December 8, 1988): Part 9, 6.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rainbow flag (LGBT movement)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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